Today, lithium batteries are part of everyday life for consumers and businesses alike. They are used in a wide range of electronic devices (smartphones, computers, etc.), electrical appliances and green mobility solutions (vehicles, forklifts, bicycles, etc.). They are also used to store renewable energy. All of these uses are not without risk to companies and the health and safety of their employees.
A lithium battery, no matter how powerful, is not immune to overcharging or short-circuiting, which can lead to fire. Consisting of several individual cells connected together and containing a liquid electrolyte, it represents little danger if:
- Manufactured in accordance with applicable standards;
- Used, stored and handled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
However, it can still be dangerous due to thermal runaway. This phenomenon occurs when a cell overheats, causing a chain reaction that can lead to a fire or explosion. To avoid this, companies must implement risk prevention measures.
What are the risks associated with these batteries?
Risks associated with the use of lithium batteries can be of various types:
- Electrical, caused by an internal short circuit when the batteries are damaged or when they are connected or disconnected;
- Chemical, due to their components, including the liquid electrolyte.
There are also risks of fire and explosion in the event of malfunction, use not in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, or shock.
These risks can arise in a number of circumstances, particularly during the use, handling and storage of lithium batteries. They affect the health and safety of people and the environment. That’s why preventing them is a major challenge for companies.
What preventive measures should be taken to limit these risks?
These risks are sometimes difficult to avoid. But it is possible to limit them by taking preventive measures and actions in the workplace. Here are some examples:
- Handle lithium batteries with care to avoid shocks and falls;
- Protect charging stations;
- Always use compatible chargers;
- Follow the manufacturer’s instructions when charging;
- Store in ventilated, fireproof rooms away from combustible materials;
- Never recharge damaged batteries and store them away from other batteries.
These measures can also be posted throughout the company and discussed during training sessions and prevention days. The aim is to make teams aware of good practice in the use, handling and storage of lithium batteries.
In addition, as regulations frequently evolve, we need to keep abreast of the latest advances in risk prevention.